Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, anthu aku America anali odzaza ndi zongopeka zamakampani awo a chip.M’mwezi wa March, dampo ndi bulldozer zinali kupangidwa m’chigawo cha Lijin, Ohio, m’dziko la United States, kumene kudzamangidwa fakitale ya tchipisi m’tsogolomu.Intel ikhazikitsa "mafakitole ophika" awiri kumeneko, ndi mtengo wa madola 20 biliyoni.M'mawu ake a State of the Union, Purezidenti Biden adati malowa ndi "dziko lamaloto".Anadandaula kuti ichi ndi "mwala wapangodya wa tsogolo la United States".
Mliri wa mliri pazaka zapitazi watsimikizira kufunikira kwa tchipisi ku moyo wamakono.Kufunika kwa matekinoloje osiyanasiyana oyendetsedwa ndi chip kukukulirakulirabe, ndipo matekinolojewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri masiku ano.Bungwe la US Congress likulingalira za tchipisi, yomwe ikulonjeza kupereka ndalama zokwana madola 52 biliyoni ku US ku mafakitale apakhomo kuti achepetse kudalira kwa US ku mafakitale akunja a chip ndi ntchito zothandizira monga fakitole ya Intel's Ohio.
Komabe, patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, malotowa ankaoneka ngati maloto oipa.Kufunika kwa silicon kukuwoneka kuti kukucheperachepera monga momwe kumakulira panthawi ya mliri.
Micron Technologies Chip Factory
Malinga ndi tsamba la The Economist pa Okutobala 17, kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kugulitsa kotala kwa Micron Technologies, wopanga ma memory chip omwe ali ku Idaho, adatsika ndi 20% chaka ndi chaka.Patatha sabata imodzi, kampani yopanga zida zaku California ya Chaowei Semiconductor idatsitsa zomwe zagulitsa gawo lachitatu ndi 16%.Bloomberg inanena kuti Intel inatulutsa lipoti lake laposachedwa la kotala pa October 27. Zotsatira zoipa zambiri zingapitirire, ndiyeno kampaniyo ikukonzekera kuchotsa antchito masauzande ambiri.Kuyambira Julayi, pafupifupi 30 mwamakampani akuluakulu a chip ku United States atsitsa zolosera zawo zagawo lachitatu kuchokera pa $99 biliyoni kufika $88 biliyoni.Pakalipano chaka chino, mtengo wonse wamsika wamabizinesi a semiconductor omwe adalembedwa ku United States watsika ndi madola opitilira 1.5 thililiyoni.
Malinga ndi lipotili, makampani a chip amadziwikanso kuti ali ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri: zidzatenga zaka zingapo kuti apange mphamvu zatsopano kuti akwaniritse zofuna zomwe zikukula, ndiyeno kufunikira sikudzakhalanso koyera.Ku United States, boma likulimbikitsa izi.Pakadali pano, makampani opanga zinthu za ogula akumva kwambiri za kuchepa kwachuma.Makompyuta aumwini ndi mafoni a m'manja amatenga pafupifupi theka la $600 biliyoni omwe amagulitsidwa pachaka chip.Chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira pa nthawi ya mliri, ogula omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukwera kwa mitengo akugula zinthu zochepa zamagetsi zamagetsi.Gartner akuyembekeza kuti kugulitsa kwa mafoni a m'manja kugwa 6% chaka chino, pomwe malonda a PC adzagwa 10%.Mu February chaka chino, Intel adauza osunga ndalama kuti akuyembekeza kuti kufunikira kwa makompyuta aumwini kudzakula pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.Komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti zogula zambiri panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19 zapita patsogolo, ndipo makampani oterowo akusintha chiyembekezo chawo.
Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti vuto lotsatira likhoza kufalikira m'madera ena.Kugula kwamantha panthawi yakusowa kwa chip padziko lonse lapansi chaka chatha kudapangitsa kuti masheya ambiri a silicon achuluke kwa opanga magalimoto ambiri komanso opanga zida zamalonda.Kafukufuku Watsopano Wamsewu akuti kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, kugulitsa kwakanthawi kwamakampani ogulitsa mafakitale kunali pafupifupi 40% kuposa mbiri yakale.Opanga ma PC ndi makampani amagalimoto nawonso ali ndi katundu wambiri.Intel Corporation ndi Micron Technologies akuti ndi gawo limodzi lazofooka zaposachedwa ndi zida zapamwamba.
Kugulitsa mochulukira komanso kufunikira kofooka kukukhudza kale mitengo.Malinga ndi deta ya Future Vision, mtengo wa ma memory chips watsika ndi magawo awiri pachisanu chaka chatha.Mtengo wa ma logic chips omwe amasanthula deta ndipo samagulitsidwa pang'ono kuposa ma memory chips adatsika ndi 3% munthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyuzipepala ya Wall Street Journal ya ku United States inanena kuti dziko la United States laika ndalama zambiri m’munda wa tchipisi, koma dziko lakhala likugwiritsa ntchito kale zolimbikitsa popanga chip kulikonse, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti dziko la United States likhale ndi mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri. nyanja.Dziko la South Korea lili ndi zolimbikitsa zambiri zolimbikitsa ndalama za chip pafupifupi madola 260 biliyoni m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.Japan ikuyika ndalama pafupifupi $ 6 biliyoni kuti iwonjezere ndalama zake pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumizi.
M'malo mwake, bungwe la American Semiconductor Industry Association, gulu lazamalonda lamakampani, lidazindikiranso kuti pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zopanga tchipisi padziko lapansi tsopano akugawidwa ku Asia.United States inali ndi 13 peresenti yokha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-03-2022